The first and third steps are multi-commodity flow problem; while the second step is the network coding problem.

第一阶段和第三阶段面临的是多商品流问题，第二阶段是网络编码问题。

One full E-commerce transaction consists of four elements, which are information flow, commodity flow, cash flow and logistics.

一个完整的电子商务交易过程一般包括有四个基本的元素，我们可以称之为“流”：信息流、商流、资金流与物流。

On the other way round, it makes the cost of commodity flow keeping very high, the market decision-making be short of reliable measurable foundation.

问题的结果造成企业在商品流通领域成本居高不下，企业的市场决策缺乏准确的量化经营数据做为依据参考，造成企业资源的大量浪费。

Any trade of the electronic business consists of four flows flowflow, flow commodity flow.

电子商务的任何一笔交易,都包含着信息流、商流 、 资金流、物流.