1. 损伤
2. （精神）创伤
3. 【医学心理学】外伤（症状）
4. 伤口
5. 痛苦经历
6. 挫折
7. 心灵创伤
8. 伤害

1. any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

2. an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects

1.精神创伤;惊骇(或痛苦)经历
trauma is a very severe shock or very upsetting experience, which may cause psychological damage.

e.g. I'd been through thetrauma of losing a house...
我经历过失去房子的痛苦。
e.g. The officers are claiming compensation fortrauma after the disaster.
灾难过后军官们正在要求赔偿精神损失。

1. 外伤：其父Dario Argento是意大利的恐怖片大师,以制造希区柯克式的悬念和拉斯冯特里尔般的黑暗视觉闻名,1993年他执导的影片<>(trauma)是其与女儿合作的开始.

2. 伤害：胎儿期间和幼年时期产生的精神伤害(trauma)、以及愤怒和悲伤等消极情感储存在大脑的扁桃体内. 一旦有压力,受到刺激的扁桃体便会产生兴奋,分泌导致情绪紧张的物质肾上腺皮质素(cortisone),进而,促进扁桃体的兴奋,形成恶性循环.